westcott and hort bible translations

Why do KJ Only types believe the Westcott and Hort - The Puritan Board As the Christian message was . The following are quotes of Westcott and Hort, found in Riplingers book. OT:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia(BHS; revised 1990 edition).NT:Novum Testamentum Graece(Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, 26th edition). Please Help Us Keep These Thousands of Blog Posts Growing and Free for All. serve us and God well in what they provide. It is their position that the King James Version of the Bible is superior to all other English translations and that all English translations based on the Westcott and Hort text of 1881 (foundation text of UBS5 and NA28) are corrupt due to the influence of the Alexandrian Greek manuscripts. Brooke FossWestcott(18251901) and Fenton John AnthonyHort(18281892) are mentioned regularly in relation to the Greek text of the NT. (weak textual evidence). Archaeologists Discover 2,000-year-old Gemstone With balm Of Gilead Engraved On It, Masoretic Text, Westcott and Hort 1881 and Tregelles 1857. This version is now in thepublic domaindue to copyright expiration. We can conclude that any modern translation that uses majestic, literary or grand language is not generally reflecting the text and style of the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. They passed by the Traditional Text (Textus Receptus) which was the text upon which the King James Version is based. [7] Most critical editions published after Westcott and Hort share their preference of the Alexandrian text-type and therefore are similar to The New Testament in the Original Greek. The Hebraic Roots Version Scriptures is a translation of the Tanakh/Old Testament from the Hebrew Masoretic Text. : Were Westcott and Hort Occultist Unbelievers? If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Four volumes. To hold to varying forms of King James Only or Textus Receptus Only has caused great harm to the Christian Church; it confuses people. | christianhuls, Older readings, manuscripts, or groups are to be preferred. Almost all the websites, articles, films, videos and messages I have come across regarding the KJV, pay no attention at all to this viewpoint as they. The two editors favoured two manuscripts: Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. Nida (a follower of Westcott-hort) had already formally entered into a Concordat with the Vatican through the United Bible Societies back in 1966, when the UBS became the front line publishers of the Greek Text used in all protestant seminaries around the world, and it still is today. List Of Bible Trivia Questions And Answers. They also developed a theory of textual criticism which underlay their Greek NT and several other Greek NT since (such as . Since the original books of the Bible do not exist anymore, it becomes necessary to translate the Bible from copies of the original. The Textus Receptus (Latin for "Received Text") is a Greek New Testament that provided the textual base for the vernacular translations of the Reformation Period. Many planks of Darwins theories have been discredited, but Darwin and his theories are important because of their key, pivotal role in the field.Consider another quote, this one from Dr. Zane Hodges:MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. . more concerned about showing that a translation 400 years old is in some way better than the ones we have today. (18281892) are mentioned regularly in relation to the Greek text of the NT. Were those translators wrong? Masoretic Text, Erasmus third NT edition (1522), Martin Luthers 1522 German Bible. Westcott and Hort | Bible Ready There are, I fear, still more serious differences between us on the subject of authority, especially the authority of the Bible. Riplinger, pg 621, Hort [T]his may be cowardice I have sort of a craving that our text should be cast upon the world before we deal with matters likely to brand us with suspicion. Was partially translated and released in various versions with the Douay-Rheims making up whatever books were not yet translated. Westcott and Hort ExposedFROM THEIR OWN MOUTHS! Westcott and Hort, in turn, were rationalists in their approach to the textual problem in the New Testament and employed techniques within which rationalism and every other kind of bias are free to operate. Tobin Pederson, When it comes to the various Bible versions of our modern day, most readers assume that all Bibles are created equal, with perhaps differing degrees of readability. What lies each of you believe in. Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working . Westcott and Hort were spiritualists. Are the Modern Versions Based on Westcott-Hort? Brooke Foss Westcott and John Maurice Schulhof, eds., Saint Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians: The Greek Text with Notes and Addenda, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1909), v. Brooke Foss Westcott and Arthur Westcott, eds., The Gospel according to St. John Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: J. Murray, 1908), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 4th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: Macmillan, 1902), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistle to the Hebrews the Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 3d ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1903). For those books, C. D. Ginsburgs Hebrew text was used. Since its publication in 1881, Westcott and Hort's work has proved to be impressively accurate, though far from perfect. They sought out contact with the spiritual world (talking with the dead, etc.). When Was It Written? In one sense it matters not. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Other translations such as the New Revised Standard Version, New English Bible, Contemporary English Version and Jerusalem Bible also include Evangelical, Bible-believing scholars and many others all of whom have the highest academic credibility. These are commonly called the MINORITY TEXTS, but they are also known to many as the corrupted manuscripts. When Westcott and Hort did their work, they found very little change had occurred to scriptures over the centuries. Many modern versions like the New International Version (450 million copies worldwide), English Standard Version, H, , New Living Translation, New Century Version, A, and New American Standard Bible have been produced by the finest Bible believing scholars in the world. Westcott & Hort's The New Testament in the Original Greek 2009 Literal Translation of the Original Greek New Testament Greek-English Interlinear with Strong's Concordance Numbering System Color-Coded, Exhaustive Lexical Number Map with Grammatical Notes Dr. Strong's Original Greek Dictionary & Abridged Thayer's Greek Lexicon All Text Carefully Proofread and Coded into Quick-Loading, Simple HTML, The Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament, Drs. This was not a faithfully accurate copy. Things that we encourage you to share include the audio sermons, O Timothy magazine, FBIS articles, and the free eVideos and free eBooks. They are based on an eclectic text which sometimes favors the TR over Aleph or B.This is true as far as it goes, but it ignores the heart of the issue. Heresies and blasphemies of Wescott & Hort - Jesus -is-Lord.com If we investigated the translators of the KJV we may be surprised at what we would find. However, they were not thoughtlessly bound to the Vaticanus manuscript as some scholars have claimed, for by assessing all the elements they frequently concluded that certain minor interpolations had crept into the neutral text that was not found in the group more given to interpolations and paraphrasing, i.e. Codex Ephraemi (C) Otherwise, they would have worn out and disappeared through much reading.. the KJV, it wasnt even the first (by a long way) of the English translations of the Bible. the New Testament - are based upon the Greek text of Westcott and Hort. "For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. Burkitt. Westcott and Hort's Greek New Testament is the "source text" for many of today's modern Bible translations. Now take your Bibles and look at Mark 16:9-20. This Greek NT was the basis for the Revised Version of that same year. This translation in many ways was the precursor to the modern Critical Text underlying most modern translations. [3] A connected group of Christians promotes the King James Only movement. CAN WE TRUST THE WESTCOTT AND HORT 1881 GREEK TEXT? Together, they produced The New Testament in the Original Greek of 1881, the pinnacle of textual studies by dozens of textual scholars since the days of Erasmus in 1536. 2:16, Col. 2:9). INDIANA BIBLE COLLEGE | INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort How do you explain the differences in the manuscripts? Certainty is increased if such a better manuscript is found also to be an older manuscript (2.32-33) and if such a manuscript habitually contains reading that prove themselves antecedent to mixture and independent of external contamination by other, inferior texts (2.150-51). They considered it quite decisive whenever these two manuscripts agreed, particularly when reinforced by other ancient uncial manuscripts. Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working for twenty-eight years independently of each other, yet frequently comparing notes. (not fools for Christ, just fools!) Black-Blue [may be neuter, masculine, or masculine-feminine], underlined [the adjective or participle verb points to a plural subject], [single brackets] [accepted in the primary reading], [[double brackets]][rejected in the primary reading], apostrophes (') [the transliterated noun is plural], For further details and most recent edition, visit:The Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament, Drs. They determined to replace the King James Bible and the Greek Textus Receptus. For example, both the W-H and the UBS delete or question almost the same number of verses (WH--48, UBS--45). That was my first introduction to B. F. Westcott (1825-1901) and F. J. The irony is, these fundamentalist worshippers of the Textus receptus would never call into question John Calvin or Calvinism, who was guilty of having Michael Servetus killed for believing differently about the Trinity and was a proponent of persecuting anyone who dared to believe differently than he. There are over 5366 manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. Informally referred to as WH they produced the WH text of the New Testament. About Westcott and Hort | In Their Own Words | Official Site As the Scottish biblical scholar Alexander Souter expressed it, they gathered up in themselves all that was most valuable in the work of their predecessors. On one side, their supporters have heralded them as great men of God, having greatly advanced the search for the original Greek text. Start your free trial today. The items have taken years to produce at enormous expense in time and money, and we use the income from sales to help fund the ministry. Westcott and Hort were the original textual critics of their day. Westcott and Hort, in turn, were rationalists in their approach to the textual problem in the New Testament and employed techniques within which rationalism and every other kind of bias are free to operate. This Bible version is now Public Domain worldwide due to copyright expiration except in the United Kingdom due to crown letters patent until 2039. We can conclude that any modern translation that uses majestic, literary or grand language is not generally reflecting the text and style of the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. The reading is to be preferred that makes the best sense, that is, that best conforms to the grammar and is most congruous with the purport of the rest of the sentence and of the larger context. His method of picking and choosing which verses belong and which verses dont, is called the eclectic method. King James Only Resource, EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. The King James Onlyist, Textus Receptus, Majority Text, byzantine disciples love to point to Westcott and Horts orthodoxy. Codex Bezae (D). As the old saying goes, Eat the meat. Released into the public domain by Rainbow Missions, Inc. (nonprofit corporation). How did the Greek text develop from Desiderius Erasmus to Robert Estienne to Thodore Beza, and did any of the editions have a critical apparatus with variants, and did any of these men consult any Alexandrian manuscripts? They will leave discussions with us knowing we will not face up to the facts available in the manuscripts. About 290 C.E., some of his associates made various subsequent alterations, which deliberately combined elements from earlier types of text, and this text was adopted about 380 C.E. Much has been written about them, but also their own recorded words shed light on their beliefs. So in modern, more reliable, translations we lose 1 John 5:7, ( not in any Greek NT manuscript before 1500) and 1 Tim 3:16, . They also believed that the combination of Codex Bezae with the Old Latin and the Old Syriac represents the original form of the New Testament text, especially when it is shorter than other forms of the text, such as the majority of the Byzantine text-type. In 1844 part of another old manuscript (Codex Sinaiticus) was found in a wastebasket in St. Catheriness monastery (the other part was found in 1859). Aland reports that, while NA25 text shows, for example, 2,047 differences from von Soden, 1,996 from Vogels, 1,268 from Tischendorf, 1,161 from Bover, and 770 from Merk, it contains only 558 differences from WH text.[10]. Masoretic, DSS, Majority Text, Aramaic Peshitta. Today, for instance, we have in excess of 5600 manuscripts we can consult. [2] It is a critical text, compiled from some of the oldest New Testament fragments and texts that had been discovered at the time. Of course, I think they gave too much weight to Codex Vaticanus alone, and this needs to be tempered. The Doctrine of Inerrancy of Scripture and Biblical Infallibility, Understanding Islam and the Rise of Radical Islam, King James Version Versus Modern Translations, Literal Translation vs Interpretive Translation, SERIOUSLY FLAWED BIBLICAL CRITICISM ASSAULT ON THE BIBLE, NT Vol. I find in the fact of the Incarnation all that man (so far as I can see) requires for life and hope.[7]. These men were hereticks. Comparable to the English Standard Versionand the New American Standard Bible. Totaling to 7,320 places. This book was not read in the same manner that Christians would read their Bibles today. They feel comfortable with the fact that the TR is derived from from manuscroipts derived from the stream of texts that comprise the Majority Text. Chapter 8: Westcott and Hort - part 1. Christian Publishing House Blog, Byzantine Text-Type of Greek New Testament Manuscripts Christian Publishing House Blog, Is the King James Version (KJV) the ONLY True Bible Translation? You are also welcome to use excerpts from the articles in your writings, in sermons, in church bulletins, etc. So, God allowed errors by the copyists of the Alexandrian and Western manuscripts but miraculously inspired the thousands of Byzantine copyists from 400 -1455 A.D.? I, p.211). The most recent is the Syrian, or Byzantine text-type (eastern), of which the newest example is the Textus Receptus and thus from the critical text view is less likely reliable. 1. 5 days ago, - The Work of Gods Children Illustrated Bible. Bible study and teaching is his passion. My fatherceasedto interest himself in these matters, not altogether, I believe, fromwant offaith in what, for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, but becausehe was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good. (Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott, Vol. The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881. Offering: We take up a quarterly offering to fund this ministry, and those who use the materials are expected to participate (Galatians 6:6) if they can. (1881). Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Ed.) We know now that the Greek of the New Testament was common or koine Greek which was the Greek of Alexander the Great, a common, or marketplace Greek. text (Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 24th edition, 1960, p. 62).James White is failing to acknowledge a fact that modern textual authorities such as Metzger, Colwell, and Nestle do acknowledge--that Westcott and Hort are key, pivotal men in the modern history of textual criticism and that the current eclectic Greek New Testaments continue to reflect, for the most part, the decisions made by Westcott and Hort. Borderland. Yes, but it was not altogether the reason it was also because he was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good.Ray McIntyre. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. Psalm 23:1) chopped off the front.. Westcott did not have faith in Spiritualism, he had want of [(lack of)] faith in Spiritualism. To ignore these developments is to switch off our brains; now, we dont want to do that do we? The KJV was a superb translation for its day. The judge then listens to the other side which holds over 5000 witnesses. This should help the reader to see how desperate and weak their arguments are. - "About" David Cloud They are not aware nor concerned that almost all the modern Bible versions of our day are built upon the Greek Text of Westcott and Hort, commonly called the Westcott-Hort text. According to Bruce M. Metzger, "the general validity of their critical principles and procedures is widely acknowledged by scholars today. Fourth, both were written on extremely expensive and durable calfskin. J.P. Hyatt, New York: Abingdon Press, 1965, p. 370).In the introduction to the 24th edition of Nestles Greek New Testament, editors Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland make the following admission:Thus THE TEXT, BUILT UP ON THE WORK OF THE 19TH CENTURY, HAS REMAINED AS A WHOLE UNCHANGED, particularly since the research of recent years has not yet led to the establishment of a generally acknowledged N.T. The Response to the Appeal. They emphasized, Knowledge of documents should precede final judgment upon readings and all trustworthy restoration of corrupted texts is founded on the study of their history. They followed Griesbach in dividing manuscripts into families, stressing the significance of manuscript genealogy. When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! The conclusion is obvious. (Eclectic means to select or employ individual elements from a variety of sources, systems, or styles.). How Accurate Was/Is the 1881 Westcott and Hort Greek New Testament . It pays his bills and buys his books!! Westcott-Hort Quotes re the Bible: and the problems with these The W-H text of 1881 and the latest edition of the United Bible Societies text differ only in relatively minor points. . Further, if we cannot demonstrate the Trinity without this one verse we need to learn to be better Bible students. 2.5-6, 31), Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses. Codex Vatican (B) Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort (27-5) Westcott and Hort believed the Greek text which underlies the KJV was perverse and corrupt. Have you read my 644 page book: FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS: Introduction-Intermediate New Testament Textual Studies, Please Help Us Keep These Thousands of Blog Posts Free for All. Masoretic Text, Greek New Testament of Erasmus, the Vulgate, and theLuther Bible. View all posts by Christian Publishing House, King James Version Versus Modern Translations, NT Textual Criticism Articles, Textual Scholars of the New Testament, Brooke Foss Westcott, Critical Text, Fenton John Anthony Hort, New Testament Textual Criticism, NT Textual Criticism, Textual Criticism, Textual Variants, Textus Receptus, Westcott and Hort. The final conclusion here is simple, Westcott and Hort had some missteps spiritually as young men, they were not perfect as to their beliefs as young men, and they are under attack because they were the producers of the text that undermined the Textus Receptus that had been worshipped for centuries. When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! This is the version of the Jehovahs Witnesses published by the Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society. We can trust these, understand and appreciate the differences, but we would be foolish to ignore them or condemn the translators as the spawn of Satan or Lucifers dupes as I have read on occasion. All editions of Nestle-Aland remain close in textual character to the text WH. References in parentheses are to sections of HortsIntroduction, from which the principles have been extracted. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. These differences are minor. Revision of theChalloner Revisionof theDouay-Rheims Bible. Over 5,800 New Testament manuscripts have been classified into four groups by text type. May God enlighten us all to the truth through His Word. A fresh translation/paraphrase into contemporary language and idiom by Eugene Peterson. The same principles apply to groups of manuscripts (2.260-61). On one side, their supporters have heralded them as great men of God, having greatly advanced the search for the original Greek text. The maxims which they enunciated on questions of the text are of such importance. (Souter 1913, 118) They took all imaginable factors into consideration in laboring to resolve the difficulties that conflicting texts presented, and when two readings had equal weight, they indicated that in their text. The quote above still appears on Chicks website at the time of this writing. 4. Tanakh (Old Testament), Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1983), Textus Receptus, Maintains Jewish context of the entire Bible, using Hebrew names for God and Jesus, and translating Hebrew names of people and places. Tanakh (Old Testament). This, like Erasmus in the 1500s, summarised the best information available to produce the most accurate text. () Of course, the manuscript discoveries of the past one hundred years have changed things, but it is remarkable how often they have affirmed the decisions of Westcott and Hort. This text has only a few changes of the original. We know the verdict and outcome before the trial is over. And the 1611 KJV translators said in the 1611 PREFACE that a new revision should be made upon such circumstances. The following is information is take from two sources, G.A. Westcott, Hort, and Blavatsky are all forerunners of the modern day New Age movement which aims at one world religion. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. What New Testament Textual Studies Sources Do We Have? The two scholars identified their favorite text type as "Neutral text", exemplified by two 4th-century manuscripts, the Codex Vaticanus (known to scholars since the 15th century), and the Codex Sinaiticus (discovered in 1859), both of which they relied on heavily (albeit not exclusively) for this edition. An extensive comparison of the TR against the WH text, the Nestles Text, the UBS text, and key English versions was done by the late Everett Fowler and can be found in his book Evaluating Versions of the New Testament, available from Bible for Today. I mean, a text issued by men who are already known for what will undoubtedly be treated as dangerous heresy will have great difficulty in finding its way to regions which it might otherwise hope to reach and whence it would not be easily banished by subsequent alarms. Thus, the fact that B and ALEPH are so old is a point against them, not something in their favour. A site defending Westcott and Hort against unnecessary and incorrect attacks. One of the latest products of the New World Bible Translation Committee, it was released in 1969 at the "Peace on Earth" International Assembly of Jehovah's Witnesses. Thanks be to Him that His Word is faithfully preserved in the accurate translation of the King James Version. The Western text-type is much older, but tends to paraphrase, so according to the critical text view also lacks dependability. Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV). With the acquisition, however, of the Bodmer Papyri, particularlyP66and P75, both copied about the end of the second or the beginning of the third century, evidence is now available that the Alexandrian type of text goes back to an archetype that must be dated early in the second century. Pastor Tobin Pederson, Reformation Day, October 31, 2007. They follow the type of text found in the Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, which the Reformation era Greek editors believed was a doctrinally corrupt text that was modified during the theological battles occurring in the two centuries after the apostles. It is not surprising, therefore, that modern version proponents today often disassociate themselves from Westcott-Hort and claim that they merely use an eclectic Greek text. Chicks claim is completely fabricated, and the quote he chopped to support his claim actually says theexact oppositewhen the context is examined. (2.22-23), The reading is less likely to be original that combines the appearance of an improvement in the sense with the absence of its reality; the scribal alteration will have an apparent excellence, while the original will have the highest real excellence. We seek offerings only from those who are helped. The World English Bible is based on the American Standard Version of the Holy Bible first published in 1901, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament. For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: 19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. Rev 22:18,19. The same would be true of Codex Vaticanus as well. humbly submitting themselves to Christ as they do it. Much has happened since then, including the discovery of 5000+ Greek manuscripts of the New Testament and, of course, the Dead Sea Scrolls! Notify me of follow-up comments by email. That the traditional text was intrinsically superior was more nearly a matter of subjective opinion; but extensive comparison of text-types has left most scholars convinced that the late text [Byzantine] is in general inferior, not superior.[4], The Alexandrian text, which Westcott and Hort called the Neutral text (a question-begging title), is usually considered to be the best text and the most faithful in preserving the original. These charges are often brought in a bid to discredit the Westcott & Hort text. The context is from where Westcotts son discusses Westcotts short-lived involvement in the Ghostlie Guild when he was a young man still in university (seeJames Mays articleandRobert L. Sumners articlefor more information), and the entire paragraph the quote is lifted from is as follows (bold added): What happened to this Guild in the end I have not discovered. [2] Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual .., https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test (accessed June 12, 2016). (14) Why is the earlier Byzantine text more similar to the Alexandrian text in that it differs from the later Byzantine text in roughly 3000 places? Revision of the New International Version. The KJV was a superb translation for its day. The difference with Westcott and Hort is, they had an interest and the subject of the called that they investigated and then rejected later in life, which we would call repentance and turning away from the wrongdoing, while John Calvin held onto his radical beliefs up until the time of his death. "[3] They find that without orthographic differences, doubtful textual variants exist only in one sixtieth of the whole New Testament (with most of them being comparatively trivial variations), with the substantial variations forming hardly more than one thousandth of the entire text. I often see people pointing to Acts 8:37 and other passages as an example and pointing out how that verse is not in modern versions. I have provided a link to a website that answers some of the more preposterous allegations against WH.
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