What type of boundary is the Cocos Plate? Imagine if Mt. The three West Coast states are especially meaningful because they have geologic features that, when the quarters are stacked, represent the surface and subsurface of the chain of volcanoes that has been developing over the past 200 million years. The types are ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent. It is subducting under (that is, being forced under) the South American plate. The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. Like Mt. The northern side is a divergent boundary with the Cocos Plate, the Galapagos Rise. . Subduction in the Pacific Northwest creates incredible beauty in the form of coastlines, mountains, and valleysiconic features of the many National Park Service sites in the region. The North American Plate is one of the slowest, averaging around 1 cm/y in the south up to almost 4 cm/y in the north. This plate is rotating counter clockwise in towards the Pacific plate. Thus subduction-zone volcanoesincluding those in the Cascadescan be explosive (think of the release of steam in a boiling pot of thick oatmeal). Examples of continent-continent convergent boundaries are the collision of the India Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalaya Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of ranges extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. Credit: Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. This plate is moving directly east towards the South America plate. It runs along the west coast of Mexico and western Caribbean countries. Illustrations above modified from Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893. Olympic National Park, Washington The inset shows these plates to be the Cocos plate and the North American plate. Geology This subduction-subduction-transform (SST) triple junction is referred to hereafter as the NACC triple junction. Examples of ocean-continent convergent boundaries are subduction of the Nazca Plate under South America (which has created the Andes Range) and subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate under North America (creating the mountains Garibaldi, Baker, St. Helens, Rainier, Hood, and Shasta, collectively known as the Cascade Range). As the mid-ocean ridge separating the Farallon and Pacific Plates entered the subduction zone, the Farallon Plate separated into the Juan de Fuca and Cocos Plates. Mt. , Divergent boundaries where two plates are moving apart. Many transform boundaries are found on the sea floor, where they connect segments of diverging mid-ocean ridges. See Appendix 3 for Exercise 10.4 answers. CC BY. Kenai Fjords National Park Mazama, Aniakchak spewed lava across its caldera floor for centuries after its collapse. Mount Rainier is a 14,000 foot (4,300 meter) volcano in the Cascade Range developed above the place where the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate reaches sufficient depth to release hot fluids into the overriding North American Plate. The Cocos Plate is a young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America, named for Cocos Island, which rides upon it. The same forces that shift the land so dramatically also gradually build spectacular landscapes like the coastlines of the Pacific Northwest. Remove the Oregon quarter to reveal cooled magma chamber rocks below. The buoyancy of the mantle plume material creates a dome within the crust, causing it to fracture in a radial pattern, with three arms spaced at approximately 120 (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Mantle flow in the RiveraCocos subduction zone - OUP Academic The Cascade Volcanoes extend in a north-south line from Mt. The Nazca plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific Ocean that shares both convergent and divergent boundaries, corners multiple triple junctions, contains three seamount chains, overrides four hotspots, and is responsible for the creation of the Andean orogeny (Figure 1). That may not seem like much, but when tens of thousands of earthquakes occur over a few million years, coastal ranges form. This plate is small. This plate includes the northeastern part of the Atlantic ocean, all of Europe, all of Russia (except its most eastern part), and down through southeast Asia, including China and Indonesia. What type of plate boundaries is the Cocos Plate? - WisdomAnswer Most of this water is present within the sheet silicate mineral serpentine which is derived from alteration of pyroxene and olivine near the spreading ridge shortly after the rocks formation. One of them, Kenai Fjords National Park, lies within the accretionary wedge of uplifting oceanic sedimentary strata and hard crust. Is the Cocos Plate convergent or divergent? The eruption of Mt. Is the Cocos Plate convergent or divergent? - Study.com Is the Nazca plate convergent or divergent? Most of the sedimentary rocks formed from layers of sand and mud deposited in the ocean. Modified from Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893. Later, most of the settlers coming on the Oregon Trail continued past central Oregon and Washington to the lush farmland of the Willamette Valley and Puget Sound, the low-lying region between the two rising mountain ranges. Taiwan area is the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasia plate, which has complex interaction, attracting much attention[3033]. It is subducting under (that is, being forced under) the South American plate. This plate is small. Feature labels. Identifying port numbers for ArcGIS Online Basemap? Rift Valley - National Geographic Society Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): Steven Earle. Modified from Oregon's Island in the Sky: Geology Road Guide to Marys Peak, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 75 pp., 2017, www.amazon.com/dp/1540611965. Modified from Earth: Portrait of a Planet", by S. Marshak, 2001, W. W. Norton & Comp., New York. The Pacific plate is subducting beneath the Philippine Sea plate to the east while the west/northwestern part of the Philippine Sea plate is subducting beneath the continental Eurasian plate. A glance at a map of the western United States might suggest that the Sierra Nevada are a southward continuation of the Cascade Volcanoes. The east coast of North America is a passive margin and not a plate boundary. Asterisk - Location of the January 12, 2010 earthquake. Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. There is tremendous deformation of the pre-existing continental rocks, and creation of mountains from that rock, from any sediments that had accumulated along the shores (i.e., within geosynclines) of both continental masses, and commonly also from some ocean crust and upper mantle material. The other piece became the Nazca plate.The Cocos plate also broke into two pieces, creating the small Rivera plate. North America plate, Australia plate, Antarctic plate, Nazca plate, Filipino plate, Cocos plate, Juan de Fuca plate. Visitors to Olympic National Park, Oregon Caves National Monument, or Redwood National and State Parks can look down and imagine the top of the Juan de Fuca Plate about 10 miles (16 kilometers) beneath their feet. (Click on arrows and slide left and right to see labels.). The ocean area along southern Asia up to the India plate is also a part of the Australia plate. What type of boundary is the Philippine plate? Layers of pillow basalt exposed at NPS sites in the Coastal Ranges are evidence that lava flows that formed in the Pacific Ocean were later scraped off the subducting plate and lifted upward as part of the accretionary wedge. The North American plate is moving to the west-southwest at about 2.3 cm (~1 inch) per year driven by the spreading center that created the Atlantic Ocean, the Mid Atlantic Ridge. South America plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasia plate, North America plate, Arabia plate, India plate, Australia plate. North America plate, Africa plate, Australia plate, Arabia plate, India plate, Filipino plate. Plate Tectonics | Pacific Northwest Seismic Network rare Examine the interactive globe. Plates are thought to move along the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, as the asthenosphere is the zone of partial melting. Western Mexico, where the young and small Rivera Plate and the adjacent large Cocos Plate are subducting beneath the North American Plate, is a unique 20 Million Years Ago The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. St. Helens in 1980. Observations. Kenai Fjords National Park Unclick all the other layers you've been using, and then click next to . Redoubt Volcano What convergent boundary is formed between Caribbean plate and? - 2023 Multiple complex plate boundaries contribute lots of earthquake and volcanic activity in the region. National Park Service sites are shown in red. Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. The series of hot spots that has been identified in the Atlantic Ocean may also have existed for several hundred million years, and thus may have contributed to rifting in roughly the same place on at least two separate occasions (Figure \(\PageIndex{13}\)). Credit: Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. But unlike Mt. At 20,625 square miles (53,396 square kilometers), Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Preserve is the largest U. S. national park six times the size of Yellowstone. Colors denote depth below sea level and elevation on land. As the basalt magma rises up through the thick continental crust of North America, it melts some of that rock, too. The original composite volcano was about 7,000 feet (2,000 meters) high, but lost about 2,500 feet (750 meters) of its height. Vents and fractures (also called fissures ) in these mid-ocean ridges allow magma and gases to escape into the ocean. Pacific plate, Australia plate, Africa plate, Scotia plate, Nazca plate, South America plate. Solved Match each plate boundary with its appropriate type. | Chegg.com Visits to coastal NPS sites in the Pacific Northwest can help us appreciate the landscapes that develop over time because of these large quakes, and learn how we are preparing our homes, communities, and infrastructure for the next Big One.. Silica-rich ash melted and coated the hot engine turbines with glass, causing all four of them to shut down. National Park Service sites in the Coastal Ranges of Washington, Oregon and northern California contain rugged mountains of rocks that were manufactured in the ocean, then scraped off the plate and lifted out of the sea. But thousands of eruptions over less than a million years have built Mount Rainier and other Cascade peaks to elevations of more than 10,000 feet (3,000 meters)! USGS photo. This plate includes all of Saudi Arabia, and much of the Levant (up to Iraq and Syria). Off the Pacific coast, the Cocos plate is subducted beneath both the North American and Caribbean plates, which are separated by a sinistral transcurrent boundary. The collision of tectonic plates can result in earthquakes, volcanoes, the formation of mountains, and other geological events. About 200 million years ago a large tectonic plate (called the Farallon Plate) started to subduct beneath the western edge of North America. Hood in Oregon, Mt. From 1999 to 2008, the United States Mint issued 25-cent coins representing each of the 50 states. Solved Question 1 (1 point) Saved Unclick all the other - Chegg The subducting boundary through Indonesia is not parallel to the biogeographical Wallace line that separates the indigenous fauna of Asia from that of Australasia. Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park partially fills the large depression formed when a composite volcano erupted and collapsed in on itself 7,700 years ago. The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile has a history of producing massive earthquakes, including the largest ever recorded on earth, the moment magnitude 9.5 1960 Valdivia earthquake. After a terrifying free-fall that lasted 8 minutes, the pilots finally managed to restart the engines at only 6,000 feet (2,000 meters).