They may laugh at the clumsiness of foreigners when they use chopsticks. Select one: a. the social identity theory b. the realistic conflict theory c. the social exchange theory d. the self-perception theory Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Obviously, they didn't deserve the torture they received, and this was clearly an extreme case of ethnocentrism. For instance, when a non-Indigenous individual wears a headdress, their action is generally viewed as disrespectful, since non-Indigenous people don't have a deep understanding of the distinct knowledge and traditions that Indigenous groups associate with the wearing of a headdress. b. Cultural relativism is the practice of viewing foreign cultures or nations from their unique standards and perspectives. Teo, Thomas, and Angela R. Febbraro. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Provide a short answer that makes a clear claim regarding their example of popular culture. Shows, books, movies etc. What are the disadvantages of ethnocentrism? Is. Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay (. On the one hand, the world economy relies on xenocentrism as a way to market goods to foreign consumers. Rosado, C. (1994). Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. About The Helpful Professor ), 9. As ethnocentrism implicates a strong identification with an in-group, it can lead to ingrained negative feelings and stereotyping of out-group members, which can be confused with racism. In this scenario, this European country can be said to have __________. For example, views about the signs and symptoms of mental disorders in the DSM are based on white male experiences, so other experiences are ignored. Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on March 18, 2023 by Chris Drew, PhD. This scenario best exemplifies _____ change. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism However, cultural relativism can also be negative when people avoid taking a stand against oppressive cultural traditions, such as female genital mutilation. Xenocentrism then stands in opposition to ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one's own culture or nation is superior to all others; those who show signs of ethnocentrism are said to experience a type of tunnel vision which places their culture or nation at the center of existence. This is one of the most common examples of ethnocentrism that I start out with in my seminars on ethnocentrism. the basis of own culture. Cultural Lag Overview & Examples | What is Cultural Lag? Furthermore, xenocentrism supports cultural diffusion, or the spread of cultures, which is important for people to develop a deeper understanding and acceptance of diverse ethnic groups. In fact, I remember when I did my semester abroad when I was younger that we used to talk about it all the time. , and Zimbardos) used only white American males in their samples. b. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. Melanie has taught several criminal justice courses, holds an MS in Sociology concentrating in Criminal Justice & is completing her Ph.D. in Criminology, Law & Justice. Otherwise, some other examples of ethnocentric behavior include: Judging other cultures food and specialty dishes. One of the challenges that Native Americans face today is These procedures would then not be used across other cultures where it may yield invalid results. 60 seconds . Plenty of Europeans might feel like its very normal for women to wear bikinis at the beach. Despite the fact that cultural relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences, it can also be problematic. Thats when your brain tells you that something sounds funny. diaspora, Which of the following terms refers to policies or procedures that are intended to promote equal opportunity for categories of people deemed to have been previously excluded from equality in education, employment, and other fields on the basis of characteristics such as race or ethnicity? They looked at different types of land use (such as with nomadic cultures) and governments (such as tribal rather than parliamentary systems) as rationales for these beliefs. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem. Assimilation policies state that immigrants to a country should leave their old culture behind and embrace their host countrys culture. Muslims and Jews within Spain were forced to convert or be killed. Many practices have drawn criticism over the years. Back then, the British believed both Africa and the Americas to be primitive societies based on hunting and farming, and felt they needed to take over these nations in order to bring them up to speed with modern technologies. This had a negative effect on the attitudes of white Americans towards these other groups of people, specifically that they were not as intelligent as them. Adolf Hitler decided he hated Jewish people, as well as other groups of people, and had many innocent people slaughtered in concentration camps. Questions and Answers for [Solved] Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? As information from across the world is spread through technology, it is only natural for people to want what they don't have, and even more so if they notice that other countries and cultures have access to greater opportunities or more advanced industries and products. While ethnocentrism is a good promoter of a group solidarity or we feeling, on of the major drawbacks for it is the fact that, when we label another group as them and their practices as not normal, we tend to not cooperate with these groups as doing so would require us to compromise on our own culture. Becoming aware of these new possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the new ideas. Ethnocentrism In Psychology: Examples, Disadvantages, & Cultural Relativism Theory & psychology, 18(5), 563-589. One of the most prominent examples of ethnocentrism was the Sinocentric system developed out of the idea of the "Mandate of Heaven" proliferated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius. A person practicing xenocentrism assumes that foreign cultures are superior to their own, and thus values the goods, styles, ideas, and traditions, among other aspects of foreign cultures, more than that of their own culture. Of course, this is a natural thought (its our brain noticing the difference sounds funny to us). And usually, people who study ethnocentrism come to conclusions that highlight the importance of cultural pluralism (that is, cultures living together and respecting one another) and compassion. Acculturation. Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? European Renaissance artists desired to emulate ancient Greek artwork. c. Identify a true statement about white ethnic Americans. Multiple Choice Estavan faces an ethical dilemma as he must decide whether or not to hire his underqualified cousin. There is still a strong Western bias, with one analysis finding that 90% of participants in research are drawn from Western countries, with 60% of these participants being American (Thalmayer et al., 2021). If you poison us, do we not die? d. the Black Power movement. War and genocide could be the devastating result if a group is unwilling to change their ways of living or cultural practices. However, psychology still has a long way to go to be truly representative of all cultures. In the 1950s, many African Americans participating in the civil rights movement tried to combat racial inequality through nonviolent action seeking to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it. This can lead to ethnocentrism when we roll our eyes are people who arent bilingual, even when were in their own country! d. Thinking you Dont have an Accent (And Everyone else Does! Affirmative action This can reinforce the in-group/out-group mentality. But through the practice of cultural relativism, xenocentrism can support a more open and non-judgmental way of regarding foreign cultures. When the daughter decides to marry a non-Greek man, the family finds it very hard to accept. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. In this case, sociologists may argue that cultural relativism is being used as a way to circumvent debate and conflict, effectively avoiding one's responsibility to uphold human rights. Ethnocentrism - Types of Culture | Fundamentals of Sociology Sometimes, we need to accept other peoples cultures with an open mind and try to see where theyre coming from. Hasa. Views about appropriate patterns of child rearing are based on the practices shared in white, English-speaking cultures and other ways devalued. The Inquisition has many of the hallmarks of ethnocentrism. Asian Indian Americans Simply Scholar Ltd. 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, 2023 Simply Scholar, Ltd. All rights reserved. Because of this, Europeans had lower scores of intelligence, and African Americans were at the bottom of the IQ scale. Open to learning about and understanding other cultures. Report an issue . This desire can include a preference for foreign goods, ideas, and styles, among other aspects of culture. Ethnocentrism is also often directed at other cultures religious beliefs. Ch 4 T or F & Multiple Choice.docx - Ch 4 T/F & MC HW Which scenario Cultural groups may be less likely to help each other in times of need and may only seek to preserve the people in their own group whom they consider more important. Manage Settings 2023 LoveToKnow Media. c. He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. c. Such depictions are examples of __________. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Ethnocentrism References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocentrism Sternberg, R. J. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. and The belief that the style of clothing in another culture is superior to those within your own culture. When visiting foreign countries, people often judge those foreign cultures by their own native cultural standards. Genocide In extreme cases, a group of individuals may see another culture as wrong or immoral and because of this may try to convert, sometimes forcibly, the group to their own ways of living. d. The methods used in The Strange Situation are examples of imposed etic, meaning to study a culture from the outside and make inferences in relation to one cultures standard. Modern researchers are now able to travel a lot more than they would have done in the past. Some researchers believe that ethnocentrism comprises in-group favoritism and vilification of out-groups; thus, people have a high opinion of their own group and think negatively about out-groups. An example of ethnocentrism is believing that the traditional clothing of a culture other than your own is strange or incorrect. In contrast, cultural relativism would appreciate and accept that different cultures have their own clothing and would not make a negative judgment about someones clothing even if it is different from what is the norm for them. For traditional Peruvian cultures, Guinea Pigs are animals to be eaten! Unlike racial groups, ethnic groups are xenocentric in nature. 25 chapters | Unlike ethnic groups, racial groups share a sense of territoriality. b. [Solved] Which Scenario Best Exemplifies Ethnocentrism| Quiz+ Ultimately, it is important for people to develop cross-cultural relationships that allow them to learn from and appreciate the knowledge and traditions of other cultures, and to exchange ideas and goods with respect and reciprocity. Still, cultural relativism can become problematic when it is used as an excuse to avoid criticizing oppressive traditions. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Only Latino men are affected by institutional racism in the United States. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two ways in which we assess a culture that is not our own. After the lands were invaded, local cultures were oppressed and people were told that the must live, dress, eat, and act like Westerners. Select an example of popular culture that you believe demonstrates these behaviors, films, TV shows, books, and music that reflect stereotypes and depict different cultures in ways that contribute to fear and hostility or idealize U.S. culture are useful for this analysis. is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. c. There are many common examples of xenocentrism that can be witnessed in daily life, such as The belief that French wines and cheeses are superior to all other wines and cheeses, The insistence that. Ethnocentrism. As former President Obama argued, American exceptionalism can also lead to failure to see the good in (and learn from) other nations. This is an example of ethnocentrism being put into policy in order to protect one ethnic identity and suppress another. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. They arrived early in the nineteenth century. People of Asian, German, and African cultural heritages peacefully coexist with one another and have uniform access to power and privilege in this country. The writing illustrates important components of ethnocentrism in history as well because, before the victory of the Civil Rights era, blacks would often try to "pass" for whites, and those who succeeded were often scorned by other blacks. A small country in Europe is renowned for being home to multiple ethnic groups. unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities? Ethnocentrism is a word used to describe the cultural or ethnic biaswhether conscious or unconsciousby which an individual perceives the world through the perspective of . More valid results could be obtained through the use of an emic study, meaning studying culture from the inside. Many researchers assumed this study has the same meaning for infants from other cultures as it did for American children. Emotions do all people experience emotions the same way? Contemporary sociologists would term whites in the United States with northern European ancestry (often referred to as European Americans, white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, or WASPs) as the, A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes, is referred to as a(n) __________. c. Today, a debate rages about the ritual cutting of genitals of girls in several Middle Eastern and African cultures. Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals. It is thought to occur largely because people have the greatest understanding of their own culture, leading them to believe that the norms and standards of their own culture are universally adopted. This is most likely an example of __________ discrimination. established genetically ignore the person completely 1965 Persian Americans are considered to be Arab and, therefore, are seldom treated with prejudice. Types & Benefits of Juvenile Correction Alternatives, The Jurisdictions & Roles of French Local Government, What are Mores? We all thought our accent was normal and other peoples was funny. The opposite of this is xenocentrism, where you believe another culture is better than your own.