Still a big bang. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. But this result isnt bizarre at allits simply a confirmation of earlier, but less precise, measurements of the antiprotons magnetic moment. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. What's happening is that the heat produce by the initial reaction with the surface of the chunk of sodium boils the water around it and drastically slows down the reaction. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Approximately 10 grams of antiprotons would be enough fuel to send a manned spacecraft to Mars in one month. the algonquin club boston cookies that taste like mcdonaldland cookies 0 Comments 1 View 0 Likes. For scenario 1, you'd probably be able to get by with even less just tens of grains per person, targeted at the brain would be enough to cause embolisms. But the point is: antimatter is the opposite of matter. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb (it has to be detonated in one particular location, but it can be as big as necessary, even as big as an entire city), how much antimatter would we need in order to eradicate all animals on Earth? Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. Shock waves Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. A nuclear or positron reactor can make over 900 seconds. If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. But it's really not that big of an explosion. Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. The energy output that would be released by a typical, The approximate radiated surface energy released in a magnitude 8, The complete conversion of 1kg of matter into pure energy would yield. But so far, this mysterious anti-stuff remains elusive. (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters. What actually happens when an anti-matter projectile collides with matter? You might still miss a submarine or two, but without space launch capabilities, zero industrial capacity, and an all-male crew, you're set anyway. Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. When a bit of matter comes into contact with its evil antimatter twin, they cancel each other out, releasing all the energy stored inside them. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? Was Aristarchus the first to propose heliocentrism? Still a big bang. Approximate yield of the last eruption of the. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. What does 'They're at four. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. As radioisotopes in bananasdecay, they release pairs of electrons and anti-electrons. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. (considering low energy state) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation Share Cite Improve this answer It depends on the specific case or use. But I don't know how to calculate that. The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. This amazing device creates a region of space where the magnetic field gets larger in all directions. With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. Are Neutrons and anti-Neutrons attracted to each other over distance? So ever since I read a book (Angels and Demons by Dan Brown?) Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. You bet. When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. Lesser known is its role in studying the anti-particles of the Universe. Which was the first Sci-Fi story to predict obnoxious "robo calls"? With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Tons Of Tnt to Calories | Kyle's Converter", "Convert tons of TNT to joules | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to BTU - British Thermal Unit | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to foot pounds | energy conversion", "Tons Of Tnt to Kilowatt-hours | Kyle's Converter", "The Energy in Wildfires: The Western United States", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "How do Thunderstorms and Lightning Work? Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. Then her family intervened, Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, A year ago, this Australian couple fled Ukraine with their three cats. During this interval, the pressure rises abruptly to a peak value and then decays exponentially over time. An antimatter powered spaceship would have a higher thrust-weight ratio than ones powered by other fuels, which means it could travel faster. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. You get high-energy (~100 MeV) gammas, medium-energy (e.g., 511 keV) gammas, pions, muons, and neutrinos. Scientists estimate creating and storing a gram of antimatter would cost in excess of a million billion dollars and require about 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy. That's5 thousand trillion euros. Anti Matter Energy Calculator. Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? E = mc^2 Each gram of antimatter will release roughly twice as much energy as the Hiroshima bomb. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. Such that: You can calculate the blast radius or stand-off distance using the Hopkinson-Cranz scaling law. The OP wanted it all in one bomb, so I told him his bomb must release at least that much energy. barrels of oil. The basic principleis that so much energy is concentrated at a single point that it creates mass the mass of matter. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. What if I had 1 anti-hydrogen atom or enough antimatter that's equal in "weight" to a hydrogen atom? The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184kilojoules (or 4,184 joules) of energy are released. We have to double the figure because that's the antimatter mass, and we're converting that mass of antimatter plus an equal mass of matter into energy. But even this is insanely expensive for only one bullet. Today, it takes nearly a year for an unmanned spacecraft to reach Mars. This calculator and the accompanying article will explain what explosion radius is and how to calculate blast radius. Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. I have no idea what you're talking about. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. We could make this happen if we work at it. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ However that would require a lot more than 10kg. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter. And so do we! Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. When the Tsar Bomba was tested in Russia it produced such a large fireball that it could be seen from 620 miles away. StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600V, 100kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90TJ) charge at. [9], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. On the subatomic level, this energy is manageable, but if one were to combine a gram of antimatter with a gram of matter, the result is an energy release comparable to the atomic explosion at . Michael Doser who works in the only factory making it describes thisreaction as "probably the most violent process you can think of because the full mass of the object disappears and transforms into energy". TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee, Transportation, Distribution & Security Committee. Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. Answer (1 of 3): What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? The worlds most powerful nuke ever created was the Tsar Bomba. Note It is convention to use ton compared to short ton, net ton American or tonne (1000 kilogrammes.) Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. (Note that this is not creation out of nothing, but rather the conversion of pre-existing energy into matter.) In fact you would need 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? "Kiloton" redirects here. I mean, in the book I read, they had an antimatter device that you could hold in your hand and it would have destroyed I believe the entire Vatican City. So it depends on how much anti-matter you have. $> 10^{32}J$. Here they create and capture this bizarre anti-stuff. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. But because these collisions always produce matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts, the universe should, if the Big Bang model were correct, have exactly equal amounts of matter and antimatter. In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. This enables engineers to determine the proper masses of different explosives when applying blasting formulas developed specifically for TNT. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. What Is Antimatter? Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. This means that although equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have formed, they weren't quite equal, he adds. The sub-atomic particles of matter have the opposite properties of antimatter. i got the conversion completely wrong because i got the energy output in joules, thought i was in megatons of TNT, then converted back to joules which is why i was so far off, Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/69440/, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/74019/, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. Indiana Jones level kill you immediately radiation dosage is about 100000 rads, so that's about 290,000 kg of antiprotons spread out evenly. Antimatter was successfully stored for the first time in 2010. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. Gas-expansion and pressure-change effects tend to "freeze" the burn rapidly. 4. If the number of Short Tons is larger than 300, you should submit USGS form 9-4040-A. rev2023.5.1.43405. achieving the specified result. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The time of interaction is very short. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. Its easy to see why secularists, desperate to explain their existence apart from a Creator, would cling to such fantastic notions. If you wanted to blow up the planet you could do so by exploding an antimatter bomb near the Earths core. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. The blast radius is the distance up to which the explosion will have an effect. It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Now they're back in Kyiv, Baby with bowel obstruction died after hospital's failures, coroner finds, NT Chief Minister apologises to outgoing police commissioner over retirement settlement comments, Nouma is an island paradise but for the next year you're not allowed to swim, Live: Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, Texas college baseball player accidentally shot during game, Three firefighters rushed to hospital, one critical, after factory fire south of Brisbane, Live: Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: R = 130 W(1/3) = 130 1(1/3) = 130 m The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. 2 kg of $E=mc^2 = 1.79 \times 10^{17} J$. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? >$10^{15}kg$, it's not exactly rocket science. [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. "[When] a proton and antiproton annihilate each other, their mass completely disappears," Professor Dosersays. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. But case 2 deserves a better answer after all anti-matter is not cheap and they are always out of stock at Home Depot. Photons are bundles of electromagnetic energy. The energy released by a hurricane per day during condensation. Of course, getting even a milligram of antimatter is going to be tou. The best chemical rockets, like NASA's Space Shuttle main engine, max out at around 450 seconds, which means a pound of fuel will produce a pound of thrust for 450 seconds. The opposite to Worldbuilding: World Destruction, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. Scientists have trouble finding antimatter however it can be created for a hefty price. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. The ablative engine, which slowly vaporizes itself to produce thrust, could go as high as 5,000 seconds. No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. [2] Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~91013 joules. "Bananas are a perfect unit for antimatter production. For a fragmenting munition where public access is possible, the TNT explosion radius, DDD, is: This distance is different for the bare explosives. This means that even if a supposed Big Bang could somehow create a universe, that universe would forever remain devoid of matter, unlike the actual universe in which we live. Has the cause of a rocket failure ever been mis-identified, such that another launch failed due to the same problem? And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. It's not them. Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. Wonder What's Next? The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance.
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