https://doi.org/10.1080/00268970802665621, Kosmulski M (2011) The pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. The silica should be dispersed in the medium that contains the active ingredient, polymer (adhesive) and/or other excipients. These colloidal silicas are charge stabilized with an alkali (normally alkalis of sodium, potassium, or lithium) or stabilized with ammonia. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja951550d, West R, Whatley LS, Lake KJ (1961) Hydrogen bonding studies. Silica NPs can be synthesized in a wide variety of morphologies, porosity levels, and sizes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.100, Yang SA, Choi S, Jeon SM, Yu J (2018) Silica nanoparticle stability in biological media revisited. We address relevant strategies to avoid aggregation of silica nanoparticles in biological fluids. We look forward to hearing from you. Collagen provides a structural framework for skin by supporting its thickness and integrity. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V55.1.156.156, Wang L, Wang K, Santra S et al. Colloidal silica dispersions are fluid, low viscosity dispersions. (2016) Nanoparticle-based medicines: a review of FDA-approved materials and clinical trials to date. Academic Press, Bostrm M, Deniz V, Franks GV, Ninham BW (2006) Extended DLVO theory: electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces in oxide suspensions. (2017) pH-sensitive delivery vehicle based on folic acid-conjugated polydopamine-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Practically insoluble in water, propylene glycol, glycerol, organic solvents, mineral oil, and most acids. Evidence obtained from the many studies done over several decades has led authorities to conclude that colloidal silicon dioxide has minimal adverse health effects from exposure, and is not harmful when administered orally or dermally. These products are often called precipitated silica or silica sols. If you are pregnant, considering becoming pregnant or breastfeeding, we recommend seeking professional health care advice from your practitioner prior to making any dietary changes such as incorporating a supplement into your routine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:1846218473. Unlike dry milling processes, which lead to API crystallites with a strong tendency to agglomerate, the crystallites absorbed on mesoporous silica are stabilized and separated from each other by carrier-API interactions. Where possible, colloidal silicon dioxide should be used within 6 to 12 months of the production date. Generally, the viscosity of obtained gels depends on the amount of silica added; that is, the more is added, the thicker the gel will be. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.181, Graf C, Gao Q, Schtz I et al. Silica in oral drugs as a possible sarcoidosis-inducing antigen MORE, IDISIL is designed to perform in a broad range of industries and applications. The silanol groups can be isolated silanol groups or even geminal (silanediol groups) or vicinal types. Alternatively, you may consider taking another product in the Qsilica range such as the Qsilica ORIGINAL Liquid or Capsules. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm302142k, Kempen PJ, Greasley S, Parker KA et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201604634, Ehrlich H, Demadis KD, Pokrovsky OS, Koutsoukos PG (2010) Modern views on desilicification: biosilica and abiotic silica dissolution in natural and artificial environments. We discuss strategies used to tune silica nanoparticle degradability in the biological environment. . As these adsorption-desorption processes can potentially influence functionality, colloidal silicon dioxide should be stored away from conditions likely to expose it to these types of contamination. Chem Mater 24:14621471. This case suggests that the drug vehicleanhydrous colloidal silicain the tablet formulations was the cause of the clinical picture, since this component was present in all tablets consumed. Nanoscale 5:63726380. Some information contained on PharmaCentral.com may contain copyrighted material, the use of which may not have been specifically authorised by the respective copyright owners. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.10.005, Ratirotjanakul W, Suteewong T, Polpanich D, Tangboriboonrat P (2019) Amino acid as a biodegradation accelerator of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. mode: "every-time", Acta Biomater 40:273281. Any references to particular product names, brands, descriptions, formats, styles, corporate entities, tests, applications, technologies, uses, standardisations, medical conditions, and treatments are for illustration purposes and should not be considered complete or binding. If the pH is reduced below 7 or if salt is added, then the units tend to fuse together in chains. Present technology would be very different without the silica used to create the catalysts of our oil refineries, bind the molds for casting super-alloys, form modern glass and ceramics, and polish electronic materials. The expiration (Use By) date is sought from the bottom or side of your Qsilica product. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants : thirty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives [meeting held in Geneva from 5 to 14 June 1990], (1991). Anal Chem 78:646654. Therefore, APIs must first undergo dissolution in gastric juices and successfully permeate the lipid membrane of the intestinal wall. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(71)80423-2, Ong S, Zhao X, Eisenthal KB (1992) Polarization of water molecules at a charged interface: second harmonic studies of the silica/water interface. In addition, the Qsilica ONE-A-DAY range also contains biotin, zinc and selenium for added skin, hair and nail health and protection against free radical damage. 1 0 obj<> endobj We use essential and non-essential cookies to provide, secure, analyze and improve our services. Macromol Rapid Commun 33:811818. Fumed silicon dioxide, in particular, has only one surface, which is external and little or non-existent internal pore volume. Mater Horiz 6:10941121. An overview of silica types and CAS numbers is shown below: Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS), EINECS No. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200800199, Zhu Y, Fang Y, Borchardt L, Kaskel S (2011) PEGylated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as potential drug delivery vehicles. Ion exchange. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7466, Zhmud BV, Meurk A, Bergstrm L (1998) Evaluation of surface ionization parameters from AFM data. The only caveat is that the material must not come into contact with hydrofluoric acid or strong alkalis, as these chemical substances chemically react with silicon dioxide. CAS https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.151, Halamoda-kenzaoui B, Ceridono M, Colpo P et al. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 83:117. ACS Nano 6:58455857. On the other hand, the European Cosmetic Regulation (EC 1223/2009) defines Nanomaterial as an insoluble or bio-persistent and intentionally manufactured material having one or more external dimensions or an internal structure, on the scale from 1 to 100 nm, rules it out. For example, 50nm particles can be concentrated to greater than 50 wt% solids while 10nm particles can only be concentrated to approximately 30 wt% solids before the suspension becomes too unstable. SAS is highly pure, crystalline-free, silicon dioxide, SiO2, which may be produced as pyrogenic (also called fumed) silica, precipitated silica and silica gel. (2013) Preparation, purification, and characterization of aminopropyl-functionalized silica sol. Always calculate the maximum shear rate that can be achieved on large-scale equipment first and do not exceed this when working with laboratory machines. Adv Mater 22:11821195. (1990) Reduced thrombogenicity of polymers having phospholipid polar groups. Pure Appl Chem 66:10771184. Secondly, extended storage (more than 3 years) is also not recommended due to the increased risk of the material becoming compacted, changing its tamped density and structure. With respect to public risks, the most likely sources of exposure to Colloidal silicon dioxide are through dermal contact or ingestion of natural or synthetic forms of silica, and less likely via inhalation. [2] Evonik Industries, SIPERNAT and AEROSIL an essential in industrial powder technology, Technical information. Hi I'm a vegan. Colloidal anhydrous silica (silicon 70 mg) 150 mg Contains: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk to your health professional before use. Amorphous forms, on the other hand, have random, disordered lattices. Many plants use silica to stiffen stems for holding fruit and to form external needles for protection. As a result, MADG offers multiple advantages, including reduced energy costs, fewer processing steps, and reduced investment in machinery. J Colloid Interface Sci 31:287296. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar3000986, Tissot I, Reymond JP, Lefebvre F, Bourgeat-Lami E (2002) SiOH-functionalized polystyrene latexes. It is distinguishable from Anhydrous colloidal silica (which is prepared by the flame hydrolysis of chlorosilanes) in two key respects: (1) it contains variable amounts of water in its formula, hence the the alternative name, Silicic anhydride, and (2) it has a higher specific surface area due to the presence of porous particle structures . Break up any large agglomerates (which normally exist in many grades of silica) and mix the entire amount of Colloidal silicon dioxide with a small quantity of one of the other formulation ingredients. Some material is published to support research and user education, and for the public good. (2011) Physical-chemical aspects of protein corona: relevance to in vitro and in vivo biological impacts of nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 119:2735427362. QSILICA PRO COLLAGEN: We would recommend seeking advice from your health practitioner before taking PRO COLLAGEN capsules during pregnancy or breastfeeding. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201900446, Cheng W, Nie J, Xu L et al. MORE, We are offering peanut-shaped, spherical and dry IDISIL Colloidal Silica grades in different particle sizes and with customized functionalization. https://doi.org/10.14227/DT180311P15, Yang W, Tam J, Miller DA et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/la803737c, Matsuda Y, Kobayashi M, Annaka M et al. Colloidal silicon dioxide does not pose any significant health effects to workers or end-users. Thickener for oils, Glidant and thickener applications but with reduced dusting and less volume requirements, Ideal glidant for hygroscopic powders that exhibit particle-particle cohesiveness via liquid bridge formation, LCO: 0.139 mg/L/4hr (maximal attainable concentration), The ability to coat formulation particles with a thin film of colloidal silicon dioxide aggregates, The ability to form gels in liquids by creating a three-dimensional network of colloidal silicon dioxide aggregates. All historic physicochemical and toxicology data remain valid for SAS manufactured today. Google Scholar, Croissant JG, Fatieiev Y, Almalik A, Khashab NM (2018) Mesoporous silica and organosilica nanoparticles: physical chemistry, biosafety, delivery strategies, and biomedical applications. (2011) Photo-reversible supramolecular hyperbranched polymer based on hostguest interactions. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900334y, Bobo D, Robinson KJ, Islam J et al. Once opened, the Qsilica Oral Liquid should be consumed within 8 weeks of opening. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00214, Del Pino P, Pelaz B, Zhang Q et al. Thus, when the fumed silica is dispersed in a liquid, silanol groups interact with each other either directly or indirectly via the molecules in the liquid. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 100102:205265. SAS is used in a multitude of industrial applications. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc41062e, Yu L, Chen Y, Wu M et al. ;-mTU$o5$M4>-&mYu&1jx5kY* g.mzG'$^YiR? https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01465a001, Depasse J, Watillon A (1970) The stability of amorphous colloidal silica. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-0134(97)10016-2, Ogura M, Shinomiya S, Tateno J et al. (2015) Bimodal acidity at the amorphous silica/water interface. In acquiring good flowability (lubricity), the build-up powder distributes more evenly on the cores and dries much faster, which shortens the entire coating process considerably. Currently, Precipitated silica is produced in volumes that are up to x10 greater than for Pyrogen silica. Provided it is stored appropriately and as recommended, the material does not undergo any significant chemical changes, even after several decades. Colloidal silicon dioxide Anhydrous is a highly pure, very fine amorphous silicon dioxide having primary particles in the nano-scale range. Nails Hair and Skin - Blackmores https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.040, Leroy P, Devau N, Revil A, Bizi M (2013) Influence of surface conductivity on the apparent zeta potential of amorphous silica nanoparticles. If you have difficulty swallowing tablets, the tablets may be crushed or broken and added to food or a smoothie. Usually they are suspended in an aqueous phase that is stabilized electrostatically. (2002) A review of non-DLVO interactions in environmental colloidal systems. Langmuir 35:13351345. QSILICA ONE-A-DAY: Qsilica ONE-A-DAY tablets contains zinc, selenium and biotin, in addition to the colloidal silica. Chem Soc Rev 46:74387468. Speciality granulated silica grades consisting of spherical particles in the range of 10100 m that feature a high internal surface (mesoporous) and high density can be used in the above-mentioned formulation strategies aimed at enhancing solubility and dissolution. J Am Chem Soc 83:761764. Hoet, Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) Revision of the opinion on the safety of the use of Silica, Hydrated Silica, and Silica Surface Modified with Alkyl Silylates (nano form) in cosmetic products, regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 74 (2016) 79-80. It can also be used as a carrier or adsorbent for active ingredients and to improve incorporation or release characteristics. Part Part Syst Charact 37:15. In the event of damaged, faulty or incorrect products being despatched, we are happy for you to return the goods to us. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00566-0, Iler RK (1979) The chemistry of silica: solubility, polymerization, colloid and surface properties, and biochemistry. Lipid formulations: Solutions of API in suitable oil carriers can be absorbed by the mesoporous silica, which can then be converted into free-flowing powders. J Am Chem Soc 133:25252534. Owned & exclusively distributed in Australia by Planet Health.Exclusively distributed in New Zealand bySynergy NZ.Exclusively distributed in the UK byLime Health. The Silica grades described thus far are available for use as in their native or unmodified state. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr33280b, Cauda V, Argyo C, Bein T (2010) Impact of different PEGylation patterns on the long-term bio-stability of colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1658, Jiang S, Prozeller D, Pereira J et al. Use a high-shear mixer to disperse colloidal silicon dioxide in oils. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2016.10.005, Currie EPK, Norde W, Cohen Stuart MAC (2003) Tethered polymer chains: surface chemistry and their impact on colloidal and surface properties. Another important property of synthetic silica is its specific surface area. (2012) Preparation of colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles with different diameters and their unique degradation behavior in static aqueous systems. Substitution of some of the Si atoms by Al is known increase the negative colloidal charge, especially when it is evaluated at pH below the neutral point. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141593, Saikia J, Yazdimamaghani M, Hadipour Moghaddam SP, Ghandehari H (2016) Differential protein adsorption and cellular uptake of silica nanoparticles based on size and porosity. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2442, Schneid AC, Silveira CP, Galdino FE et al. Most colloidal silicas are prepared as monodisperse suspensions with particle sizes ranging from approximately 30 to 100nm in diameter. Carrier for solid dispersions. Colloidal silicon dioxide is hygroscopic and absorbs significant amounts of water. Meanwhile, much stronger coats are obtained since the cores spend relatively shorter time periods in the coater. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00645-7, Rimer JD, Trofymluk O, Navrotsky A et al. (2020) Tailoring pseudo-zwitterionic bifunctionalized silica nanoparticles: from colloidal stability to biological interactions. This affinity is attributed to hydrogen bonding, and results in a reversible, three-dimensional lattice structure that manifests macroscopically as thickening. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:28902895. Nat Commun 8:110. Dispersions containing large colloidal silica particles (> 50 nm) are normally white. (2019) Mixed-charge pseudo-zwitterionic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with low-fouling and reduced cell uptake properties. A colloid is a stable dispersion of particles - particles that are small enough that gravity doesn't cause them to settle, but large enough not to pass through a membrane and allow other molecules and ions to pass freely. Silicon dioxide produced pyrogenically exists in the form of chain-like, branched aggregates, giving rise to a fluffy, light powder. Note that the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines colloids as systems (dispersions) in which particles of colloidal size (1 nm1000 nm) of any nature (solid, liquid, or gas) are dispersed in a continuous phase of different composition or state. Nature 359:710712. However, the commercial production of Colloidal silicon dioxide uses copious amounts of energy across the entire value chain. Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS) exhibits a randomized internal structure (amorphous), and is distinct from natural or other synthetic crystalline silica types. Most colloidal silicas are prepared as monodisperse suspensions with particle sizes ranging from approximately 30 to 100 nm in diameter. It is insoluble in water, organic solvents and mineral acids. volume102,pages 4162 (2022)Cite this article. Primary particle size are in nano range (5 20 nm). Microporous Mesoporous Mater 284:343352. The term Silica (chemically silicon dioxide, SiO2) is applied and misapplied to many different materials that contain silica and oxygen, including free silica (SiO2) and silicates (which contain other elements). https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.6199, Mortensen NP, Hurst GB, Wang W et al. Colloidal silicas exhibit particle densities in the range of 2.1 to 2.3 g/cm 3 . Thus, it obviously alters the interactions of the particles with cellular and tissue components, ultimately modifying biological outcomes such as cellular uptake, immune-biocompatibility, and toxicity of NPs [39, 52,53,54]. The obtained powdered formulations can be easily compressed into tablets on standard presses. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 152:1425. anhydrous colloidal silica content of the drug formulations. Surprisingly, when the sustainability of Colloidal silicon dioxide was assessed by the Excipients Forum, it achieved a score of 43 out of 100 on their Sustainable Chemistry scheme. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:13671373. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404316v, Yamada H, Urata C, Aoyama Y et al. Varying processing conditions allows the production of silica products with different specific surface areas, typically between 50 and 400 m2/g. Formulated to support from within, Qsilica helps maintain collagen health and formation as well as supporting skin's structure and integrity. This makes them well-suited for formulations whose storage and temperature stabilities are critical. AEROPERL 300 Pharma, which like standard Colloidal silicon dioxide, is tested against the high-quality requirements of the Silica Colloidal Anhydrous (Ph. Evonik complements product portfolio with Colloidal Silica - as a specialty chemicals company, Evonik is specialized on particle modification and functionalization for ultra-high purity Colloidal Silica. [8] Sccs, P.H.M. Colloidal is used in reference to both pyrogenic and precipitated silica. This is where our silica products come in: As flow aid, they ensure uniform active ingredient content in every tablet or capsule and increase production throughput. Soft Matter 10:71828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.012, Scheffer FR, Silveira CP, Morais J et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.003, Dong R, Liu Y, Zhou Y et al. Langmuir 32:32173225. Our portfolio includes colloidal and composite materials with a range of particle sizes and treatments, allowing for the controlled tuning of performance characteristics such as tribocharge, free-flow and spacing. Aerosil Colloidal Silicon Dioxide for Pharmaceuticals Technical Information Bulletin, SIPERNAT and AEROSIL an essential in industrial powder technology Evonik Industries Technical Information 1360, Aerosil and Sipernat Silica as Thickeners for Personal Care. J Colloid Interface Sci 227:408411. Precipitated silicon dioxide is silica produced in an aqueous solution at temperatures >60 C. Dissolution Technol 18:1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.027, Galdino FE, Picco AS, Sforca ML et al. In: Tadros T (ed.) J Colloid Interface Sci 237:249258. It's found in plants, animals and most living things. The silica should be added first to ensure maximum mixing time. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technol 1:1738. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b01900, Encinas N, Angulo M, Astorga C et al. ASP and MBC acknowledge UNLP and CONICET for their support. Colloidal anhydrous silica Croscamellose sodium Crospovidone Dibasic potassium phosphate Disodium edetate Fractionated coconut oil Fructose Gamma-tocopherol Gelatin Gellan gum Glucose Glycerin/Glycerol Hydrogenated fats Hyprolose Hypromellose Iron Oxide Liquid Glucose Magnesium stearate Malic acid Maltodextrin Medium-chain triglyceride oil It is therefore necessary to shake the bottle before consuming each time. Klaassen, D. Liebler, J.G. The process steps involved in MADG are shown below: MADG was developed by Bristol Myers Squibb in the 1980s to address the challenges associated with wet granulation, including end-point determination, drying, milling, and moisture-instigated instability from hydrolysis. J Inorg Biochem 69:177180. Leite-Silva, Thickening Agents, Cosmetic Formulation: Principles and Practice, (2019) 119. All AEROSIL Pharma grades are manufactured according to IPEC GMP guidelines for bulk pharmaceutical excipients. AAPS J 17:10411054. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm070708d, Etienne M, Walcarius A (2003) Analytical investigation of the chemical reactivity and stability of aminopropyl-grafted silica in aqueous medium. Colloidal silicon dioxide is one of the most widely used pharmaceutical excipients today. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 79:319327. Appl Catal A Gen 219:3343. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200900923, Popplewell J, King S, Day J et al. At rest, however, the lattice rebuilds, and the viscosity returns to what it was before, a phenomenon known as thixotropy. Many people like the ease and convenience of taking a tablet or capsule these are also ideal for travelling. Adv Mater 33:2005215. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202005215, Li Z, Mu Y, Peng C et al. If magnesium stearate is used, colloidal silica should be mixed with the other ingredients first before adding in the lubricant. Dispersions with a smaller average diameters have larger overall specific surface areas and are limited to low concentration dispersions. Adsorption of active components is possible, however the amounts are typically low and the process is reversible. John Wiley & Sons, Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol-gel science. number 7631-86-9 Chemical formula (SiO 2) x Formula weight 60.08 (SiO 2) Assay . These products are often called silica gels. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:33233327. Any standard silica grade can be used, although grades with much larger specific surface areas, such as Evoniks AEROSIL 300 Pharma are the most recommended. The most noticeable difference is that it's in liquid form, as opposed to powder. AEROSIL 200 Pharma by Evonik Silica -Glenn Corp- item: "subscribe-3", Properties Free flow and anti-caking agent to improve powder properties Improves tablet properties such as hardness and friability In a broad sense, however, many other forms of silica (other than wet or dry silica sols above) are colloidal on the grounds that they are composed of particles in a colloidal state of subdivision (1-1000 nm). Correspondence to These changes, while not necessarily affecting the silica content, density, refractive index, colour, or amorphous form, do impact three key parameters, i.e: As a result, different commercial grades of colloidal silicon dioxide, such as AEROSIL (Evonik), Cab-O-Sil (Cabot Corporation) and Wacker HDK (Wacker-Chemie GmbH) may differ in these parameters. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240809, Ishihara K, Ziats NP, Tierney BP et al. J Inorg Nucl Chem 33:12931299. CAB-O-SIL TG-C series of colloidal silica. All rights reserved worldwide. (2016) Functionalized silica nanoparticles as an alternative platform for targeted drug-delivery of water insoluble drugs. This website uses cookies. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01550, Loiola LMD, Batista M, Capeletti LB et al. [4] M. Fuji, H. Iwata, T. Takei, T. Watanabe, M. Chikazawa, The change in the water vapor affinity of fine silica particles loaded with trimethylsilyl groups, Advanced Powder Technology, 8 (1997) 325-334. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, Bagwe RP, Hilliard LR, Tan W (2006) Surface modification of silica nanoparticles to reduce aggregation and nonspecific binding. 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