Mr. Katz urged anyone A medievalist. Anger erupted after New York City police arrested 13 people during a raid at the Stonewall Inn, a bar and safe space for the LGBTQ+ community. He brought in gay-positive materials and placed that in a setting that people could come to and feel comfortable in. Everyone from the street kids who were white and black kids from the South. Like many gay establishments at the time, the Stonewall Inn was owned by the mafia, and as long as they continued to make a profit, they cared very little what happened to their clientele. WebStonewall Riots In the early hours of June 28, 1969, a police raid of the Stonewall Inn exploded into a riot when patrons of the LGBT bar resisted arrest and clashed with police. Seven pages of records were released by the citys Police Department in response to a Freedom of Information Law request. Ellen Goosenberg With Stonewall, the spirit of 60s rebellion spread to LGBTQ people in New York and beyond, who for the first time found Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. Find out how the Stonewall uprising sparked a new era of LGBTQ activism, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Theres a Riot Goin On: Riots in U.S. History (Part Two), 5 Important Places in Global LGBTQIA+ History. Stonewall Home - Research Guides at Library of Congress Almost anything you could name. So it was a perfect storm for the police. Historians have noted that the shift in activism, if Stonewall truly represented one at all, was a shift primarily for white cisgender people, as people of color and gender non-conforming people never truly had the benefit of concealing their marginalized identities. With riveting narrative skill, he recreates those revolutionary, sweltering nights in vivid detail through the lives of six people who were drawn into the struggle for LGBTQ rights. Paul Bosche I met this guy and I broke down crying in his arms. We were scared. Gay people were not powerful enough politically to prevent the clampdown and so you had a series of escalating skirmishes in 1969. Dick Leitsch:Well, gay bars were the social centers of gay life. WebStonewall Riot praxis one paper pcs 215 03 praxis the stonewall riots in 1969, people responded to violence from officers at police raid at the stonewall inn in. I grew up in a very Catholic household and the conflict of issues of redemption, of is it possible that if you are this thing called homosexual, is it possible to be redeemed? "You could have got us in a lot of trouble, you could have got us closed up." https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots. The idea was to be there first. Stanford University | 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 | Privacy Policy. If anybody should find out I was gay and would tell my mother, who was in a wheelchair, it would have broken my heart and she would have thought she did something wrong. We were thinking about survival. One such well-known gathering place for young gay men, lesbians, and transgender people was the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a dark, seedy, crowded bar, reportedly operating without a liquor license. Over a short period of time, he will be unable to get sexually aroused to the pictures, and hopefully, he will be unable to get sexually aroused inside, in other settings as well. A few of us would get dressed up in skirts and blouses and the guys would all have to wear suits and ties. NPS.gov. Mike Wallace (Archival):The average homosexual, if there be such, is promiscuous. The windows were always cloaked. The Stonewall Riots marked the beginning of the gay liberation movement that has transformed the oppression of gays and lesbians into calls for pride and action. On June 28, 1969, the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York's Greenwich Village, was raided by police. WebHIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives Xavier Bethea Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your historical event. Narrator (Archival):This is one of the county's principal weekend gathering places for homosexuals, both male and female. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Carters book is a terrific read for anyone interested in gay history At the time of the Stonewall uprising I had just turned 19 and was essentially a virgin. Primary Sources for Pride: Celebrating Stonewall & Christopher Use the following subject browses to find materials on the Stonewall Uprising in the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The first Pride march in New York City was held on June 28, 1970 on the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. Gay bars were always on side streets out of the way in neighborhoods that nobody would go into. But we had to follow up, we couldn't just let that be a blip that disappeared. You cut one head off. One document provides additional detail about the previously known arrest of David Van Ronk, a heterosexual folk singer (who was incorrectly described as an actor) who was accused of assaulting an officer with Ellinor Mitchell It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. They could be judges, lawyers. Jerry Hoose:I was afraid it was over. And the cops got that. The day will soon come when everyone will be able to walk in the sunshine that being able to be ones self provides. Many historians characterized the uprising as a spontaneous protest against the perpetual police harassment and social discrimination suffered by a variety of sexual minorities in the 1960s. John O'Brien:If a gay man is caught by the police and is identified as being involved in what they called lewd, immoral behavior, they would have their person's name, their age and many times their home address listed in the major newspapers. However, in the 51 years since, not everyone has benefited equally. This was ours, here's where the Stonewall was, here's our Mecca. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn has undergone several transformations in the decades since it was the focal point of a three-day riot in 1969. If you came to a place like New York, you at least had the opportunity of connecting with people, and finding people who didn't care that you were gay. WebDocument C: Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter 1. In fact, the NYPD had stormed Stonewall Inn just a few days before the riot-inducing raid. Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. And they were lucky that door was closed, they were very lucky. Like most gay bars in New York, it was owned by the Mafia, an organized crime group. And the first gay power demonstration to my knowledge was against my story inThe Village Voiceon Wednesday. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution WebStonewall Riot praxis one paper pcs 215 03 praxis the stonewall riots in 1969, people responded to violence from officers at police raid at the stonewall inn in Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University John O'Brien:All of a sudden, the police faced something they had never seen before. Yvonne Ritter:And then everybody started to throw pennies like, you know, this is what they were, they were nothing but copper, coppers, that's what they were worth. Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! The 7.7-acre (3.1-hectare) monument included the Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalks. WebJamie Tucker March 20, 2022 HIS 200 3-2 Writing Plan Progress Check 3 Topic of Interest: For my historical event I have chosen The Stonewall Riots. We heard one, then more and more. This produced an enormous amount of anger within the lesbian and gay community in New York City and in other parts of America. Mary Queen of the Scotch, Congo Woman, Captain Faggot, Miss Twiggy. Cover art for The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History and The Stonewall Reader. WebJune 28, 1969, Greenwich Village: The New York City Police Department, fueled by bigoted liquor licensing practices and an omnipresent backdrop of homophobia and transphobia, raided the Stonewall Inn, a neighborhood gay bar, in the middle of the night. The Catholic Church, be damned to hell. Since the Stonewall was without a license, the place was being closed. Hunted, hunted, sometimes we were hunted. And I just didn't understand that. A Police Department report from the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the start of the Stonewall uprising, is part of a small collection of newly released documents. Stonewall Riot Fred Sargeant:We knew that they were serving drinks out of vats and buckets of water and believed that there had been some disease that had been passed. It was a down at a heels kind of place, it was a lot of street kids and things like that. Susan Liberti We didn't expect we'd ever get to Central Park. The term like "authority figures" wasn't used back then, there was just "Lily Law," "Patty Pig," "Betty Badge." Judith Kuchar There may be some here today that will be homosexual in the future. And the harder she fought, the more the cops were beating her up and the madder the crowd got. Document Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Jorge Garcia-Spitz By all estimates, there were upwards of 3-5,000 marchers at the inaugural Pride in New York City, and today NYC marchers number in the millions. ), Pine has been vilified by a number of gay writers, but from all my interactions with him I believe his account was truthful and accurate, Mr. Carter said. a gay-history Web site run by the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies at the City University of New York Graduate Center. You see these cops, like six or eight cops in drag. On June 28, 1969, New York City police raided a Greenwich Village gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, setting off a three-day riot that launched the modern American gay rights movement. We strive for accuracy and fairness. However, the New York State Liquor Authority penalized and shut down establishments that served alcohol to known or suspected LGBT individuals, arguing that the mere gathering of homosexuals was disorderly.. Robin Haueter WebFinal Question What caused the Stonewall Riots? Research Guides: Civil Rights Movements: Sources on Stonewall Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:Yes, entrapment did exist, particularly in the subway system, in the bathrooms. Mayor John Lindsay, like most mayors, wanted to get re-elected. Mafia house beer? and I didn't see anything but a forest of hands. Alfredo del Rio, Archival Still and Motion Images Courtesy of Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. And that's what it was, it was a war. (St. Martins Press, 2004). And the police escalated their crackdown on bars because of the reelection campaign. They put some people on the street right in front ofThe Village Voiceprotesting the use of the word fag in my story. Notably, an uncounted number of LGBTQ+ people have died as a result of police raids on gay spaces. Published July 1969. Jeremiah Hawkins Your choice, you can come in with us or you can stay out here with the crowd and report your stuff from out here. Drag queens and Dick Leitsch:And that's when you started seeing like, bodies laying on the sidewalk, people bleeding from the head. Don't fire until I fire. 'Cause I really realized that I was being trained as a straight person, so I could really fool these people. Web(Close reading) According to this document, what had been happening in the weeks leading up to the Stonewall Riots? Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We had maybe six people and by this time there were several thousand outside. I mean they were making some headway. Drawing from the New York Public Library's archives, The Stonewall Reader is a collection of firsthand accounts, diaries, periodic literature and articles from LGBTQ magazines and newspapers that documented both the years leading up to and the years following the riots. Older groups such as the Mattachine Society, which was founded in southern California as a discussion group for gay men and had flourished in the 1950s, soon made way for more radical groups such as the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA). His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. Martin Boyce:That was our only block. Slate:The Homosexuals(1967), CBS Reports. Corbis Early publications show that the LGBTQIA+ community largely did not use the term riot until years after the fact. Webindividual project on the stonewall riots pcs 309 dr hale Research Paper: eight-ten pages with the following sections (30 points): Introduction Conflict Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University WebLast Friday the privacy of the Stonewall was invaded by police from the First Division. Documents and Transcripts Listed by Time of Occurrence, from Earliest to Latest Document 1. Based on hundreds of interviews, an exhaustive search of public and previously sealed files and over a decade of intensive research, Stonewall tells the definitive story of this singular event in history. You know, we wanted to be part of the mainstream society. There was all these drags queens and these crazy people and everybody was carrying on. The mirrors, all the bottles of liquor, the jukebox, the cigarette machines. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. While the events of Stonewall are often referred to as "riots," Stonewall veterans have explicitly stated that they prefer the term Stonewalluprising orrebellion. To find additional materials on this topic, search the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The subscription resources marked with a padlock are available to researchers on-site at the Library of Congress. Prisoner (Archival):I realize that, but the thing is that for life I'll be wrecked by this record, see? It was an age of experimentation. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:What was so good about the Stonewall was that you could dance slow there. BBC Worldwide Americas In 2019, shortly before the 50th anniversary of the riots, New York Citys police commissioner, James P. ONeill, issued an apology on behalf of the police department saying, The actions taken by the N.Y.P.D. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement and led to the creation of various gay activist groups in the United States and around the world. And when you got a word, the word was homosexuality and you looked it up. You know, all of a sudden, I had brothers and sisters, you know, which I didn't have before. Evan Eames Martha Shelley I was a man. WebHIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives Xavier Bethea Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your historical event. Here are my ID cards, you knew they were phonies. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had a column inThe Village Voicethat ran from '66 all the way through '84. On June 24, 1969, the Public Morals squad of Manhattans First Police Division raided the Stonewall Inn. You had no place to try to find an identity. Jerry Hoose:I mean the riot squad was used to riots. "We're not going.". Accustomed to more passive behaviour, even from larger gay groups, the policemen called for reinforcements and barricaded themselves inside the bar while some 400 people rioted. We were winning. You see, Ralph was a homosexual. Slate:The Homosexual(1967), CBS Reports. WebThe United States has had its share of violent or destructive protests, starting during colonial times and continuing through the 1900s (e.g., Boston Tea Party in 1773; New York City draft riots in 1863, Haymarket riot in Chicago in 1886, Chicago Race Riot in 1919, Tulsa Race Massacre 1921, Zoot Suite riot in 1943, riots in Newark and Detroit in Then during lunch, Ralph showed him some pornographic pictures. Although the Stonewall riots cannot be said to have initiated the gay rights movement as such, it did serve as a catalyst for a new generation of political activism. And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". He is not interested in, nor capable of a lasting relationship like that of a heterosexual marriage. He may appear normal, and it may be too late when you discover he is mentally ill. John O'Brien:I was a poor, young gay person. I just thought you had to get through this, and I thought I could get through it, but you really had to be smart about it. at nytoday.com or in the morning, on The New York Times homepage or its New York section. Because the owners were still making a profit, they simply adjusted to the raids, and were often tipped off about them ahead of time.The Stonewall was raided on average once a month leading up to the raid on June 28, 1969 (Martin Duberman,Stonewall p. 187), and had been raided once already that same week. The records concern the start of the Stonewall uprising in the early morning of June 28, 1969. It is important to note that in addition to arresting LGBTQ+ people, first-hand accounts reveal the violence that police enacted on those they had arrested. Stonewall Inn was registered as a type of private bottle bar, which did not require a liquor license because patrons were supposed to bring their own liquor. The criminalization of homosexuality led many gay establishments to operate sans liquor license, providing an open door for raids and police brutality. "The rebellion (it was never a 'riot') lasted five inconsecutive nights (they were not 'riots')" -STONEWALL Veterans' Association. According to the documents the police allowed the bars to operate, overlooking violations in return for a percentage of the take. The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. And I knew that I was lesbian. Clever. Fred Sargeant:Things started off small, but there was an energy that began to flow through the crowd. It was large and relatively cheap to enter. Narrator (Archival):Richard Enman, president of the Mattachine Society of Florida, whose goal is to legalize homosexuality between consenting adults, was a reluctant participant in tonight's program. And then there were all these priests ranting in church about certain places not to go, so you kind of knew where you could go by what you were told not to do. So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. The Stonewall Riots - A Brief History of Civil Rights in the United xGrS$GJ19f#Qld| C$ Rcyu5K+#<_7jntz~:tOuS=>@Vy?~j{P/TUc7VC^|j_](G.Ox.~vTGz6r+]* 6 :!>j6KcV'6FjSSTcNsWU zwOV$k5(;'NAo;;l'Skmu}n%86`naUfJ7WMvf ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. You know. It was tremendous freedom. Queer was very big. June is internationally recognized as Pride Month, and this years celebrations mark the 50 th anniversary of the Stonewall Riotsthe catalyst for the modern LGBTQ+ civil rights movement.. Because as the police moved back, we were conscious, all of us, of the area we were controlling and now we were in control of the area because we were surrounded the bar, we were moving in, they were moving back. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography And so there was this drag queen standing on the corner, so they go up and make a sexual offer and they'd get busted. Use evidence from at least three of the documents in your response. This time the people milling outside the bar did not retreat or scatter as they almost always had in the past. Stonewall Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:There were no instructions except: put them out of business. That night, the Things were being thrown against the plywood, we piled things up to try to buttress it. Stonewall Riots Teacher Materials.pdf Anthony Wilhite - Stonewall Riots guiding questions We take great pride in preserving the history of this groundbreaking event in Americas battle for LGBTQ+ equality. The cops were barricaded inside. Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. Primary sources available at the Library of Congress provide detailed information about how this first Pride march was planned, and the reasons why activists felt so strongly that it should exist. Martha Shelley:We participated in demonstrations in Philadelphia at Independence Hall. traumatic physicaL, emotional and financial personal experience of my own at the time, I nonetheless said a silent prayer for those who were brave enough to be fighting for freedom. And, I did not like parading around while all of these vacationers were standing there eating ice cream and looking at us like we were critters in a zoo.